Key Terms
Baroque period
Approximately 1600 to 1750. Term derived from Italian barocco (contorted idea, strange, out of the ordinary) and/or Port
Isaac Newton
Studied universal gravity, three laws of motion, supported heliocentrism; created calculus. His work undermined several
William Harvey
Researched the circulatory system; concluded blood vessels form a complete circle, returning to the heart after passing
Baroque gardens
Elaborate formal gardens demonstrating control over nature; associated with autocratic power and prestige. Designed usin
Vocal
Italian opera seria, oratorio, church cantata Instrumental: concerto, fugue, suite
Solo sonata
A solo instrumental work, usually non-keyboard instrument accompanied by keyboard.
Trio sonata
Most common small Baroque ensemble. Two melody instruments (usually violins) plus basso continuo (counted as the third m
Concerto
From Latin/Italian concertare, meaning both competition and cooperation. A composition for soloist(s) and orchestra; the
Ritornello
The returning orchestral theme or refrain; alternates with solo sections. From Italian meaning "little return."
Mass
Core of the Catholic religious service; commemorates the Last Supper.
Opera
Synthesizes theatrical performance and music; cast members act and interact. Includes recitative, aria, duets, trios, ch
Notable member
Vincenzo Galilei, father of Galileo Galilei.
Their theory
Ancient Greek drama was so emotionally powerful because it was entirely sung in a declamatory style midway between speec
Result
Opera — sung secular drama with elaborate staging and costumes.
Definition
A contrapuntal (polyphonic) piece for a set number of voices or instruments, usually three or four. The musical theme or