Key Terms
Most common infections leading to sepsis
1. Bacterial pneumonia (~50% of cases) 2.
Bacteria that can progress to sepsis
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Pasteurella, Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriaceae (both gram- positive and gram
Causative agent
~20 different Leishmania species; protozoan; NTD
Highest-risk population
People with preexisting vaginal S. aureus colonization who leave tampons, contraceptive sponges, diaphragms, or other de
Diagnosis
Microscopic observation of eggs in feces, urine, or tissue specimens; serology Treatment: praziquantel (effective for al
Treatment
Stibogluconate (antimony gluconate), amphotericin B, miltefosine (for serious infections)
Mortality
20%-60% (much higher than staph TSS)
Prognosis
Poor; about 40% of patients with nongonococcal infectious arthritis suffer permanent joint damage; mortality 5%-20%
Symptoms
Often asymptomatic or mild (malaise, fatigue, chills, fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia) Severe cases (asplenic patie
Complications
Infectious arthritis spread to joints; sepsis; thrombosis
Mechanism
HIV persistently infects CD4 T cells; immune system attempts to clear infection while virus continues replicating; CD4 T
Entry points
Dental procedures, body piercings, catheterization, wounds
Risk factors
Preexisting heart damage, prosthetic valves, history of rheumatic fever
Gas production
Fermentation of butyric acid produces hydrogen and carbon dioxide in tissue pockets
Causative agents
Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, S.