Key Terms
COURSE
Microbiology MODULE: Chapter 22 - Respiratory System Infections
PNEUMONIA specifics
Alveoli fill with pus and edema (consolidation); reduces gas exchange; productive cough with phlegm; ranges from mild to
Causative agent
Cryptococcus neoformans
Transmission
Inhalation of spores
Treatment
Amphotericin B (broad-spectrum antifungal targeting fungal cell membranes; adverse effects on host cells; careful risk/b
Sequelae
Later clinical consequences of a primary infection; nonsuppurative (no pus); occur 1-3 weeks after the acute infection r
Definition
Infection of the lungs causing inflammation and accumulation of fluids and white blood cells in alveoli (consolidation);
Most common age
3 months to 3 years; second-leading cause of pediatric visits in children under 5; leading indication for antibiotic pre
Symptoms
Fever, fatigue, dry cough; pulmonary infections in immunocompromised often disseminate to brain -> meningitis: headaches
Otitis media with effusion (OME)
Fluid trapped in middle ear without active infection; creates reservoir for secondary bacterial infections; leads to chr
Diagnosis
Microscopic examination of lung tissue or cerebrospinal fluid; India ink preparations visualize the extensive capsule; s
Prevention
PCV13 vaccine reduces AOM caused by pneumococcal strains; influenza vaccine also reduces AOM risk (viral infections pred
Affected populations
Most severe in those under 5 or over 40
Vaccines
Original DPT used killed whole-cell B. pertussis; replaced by DTaP and Tdap with pertussis toxoid ("aP" component) due t
US deaths
>50,000 in 2014