Key Terms
Definition
Series of membranous tubules, sacs, and flattened disks that synthesize cell components and move materials within the ce
Reality
Those conditions just provided food and shelter for existing mice.
Experiment
Hundreds of experiments; boiled broth in both sealed and unsealed jars. Result: Heated, sealed flasks stayed clear.
Award
Alhumbert Prize from the Paris Academy of Sciences, 1862. Famous quote (1864 lecture): "Omne vivum ex vivo" - "Life only
Modern definition
Mitochondria and chloroplasts arose as a result of prokaryotic cells establishing a symbiotic relationship within a euka
Miasma theory (prior dominant explanation)
Disease originated from particles emanating from decomposing matter (sewage, cesspits). Diseases like the Black Death at
GERM THEORY
Diseases may result from microbial infection.
Prokaryotes
Lack a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane. Generally have a single, circular chromosome in a nucleoid regi
Size
~0.5-1 µm.
Eukaryotes
Have a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane. Have multiple, rod-shaped chromosomes.
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration. Osmotic p
Without a cell wall in hypertonic environment
Crenation - plasma membrane contracts; appears scalloped or notched. With a cell wall in hypertonic environment: plasmol
Tonicity
Degree to which a cell can withstand changes in osmotic pressure.
Function
Protect bacterial genome; allow survival without food or water; resistant to chemicals, extreme temperatures, and radiat
SPORULATION PROCESS (vegetative cell to endospore)
1. Triggered by nutrient depletion or unfavorable conditions.