Key Terms
Visible limit without a microscope
~100 micrometers (um).
Fermentation
A process using bacteria, mold, or yeast to convert sugars (carbohydrates) into alcohol, gases, and organic acids.
Products of fermentation
Beer, wine, bread, yogurt, cheese, pickled vegetables.
Earliest evidence
Pottery jars from a Neolithic village in China show fermented beverages made from rice, honey, and fruit as early as 700
Who
5,300-year-old mummy found frozen in the Otzal Alps (Austrian- Italian border) in 1991.
Infections found
Eggs of Trichuris trichiura (parasite; caused abdominal pain and anemia) and Borrelia burgdorferi (causes Lyme disease).
Possible treatments
Carried Fomitopsis betulinus fungus (laxative and antibiotic properties); had tattoos made by cutting incisions, filling
Ancient Greeks
Attributed disease to "miasmatic odors" (bad air) - called mal'aria. Hygiene practices built on this idea.
Ancient Rome
Built aqueducts (fresh water in) and the Cloaca Maxima (waste out); infrastructure believed to have reduced waterborne i
Bible
Refers to quarantining people with leprosy - evidence of understanding communicable disease, even if the mechanism was u
Taxonomy
The classification, description, identification, and naming of living organisms. Classification: organizing organisms in
Two-word naming system
Genus + specific epithet (species name).
Abbreviation convention
After first use, shorten genus to first initial. E.
Names derived from
Latin, Greek, or English; may reflect organism traits or honor the discoverer.
Phylogenetic tree (tree of life)
A diagram showing evolutionary relationships between organisms; more closely related organisms are grouped together.