Key Terms
Ancient/Medieval
Mental illness attributed to demonic possession; treatments included exorcism, trephining (drilling hole in skull), impr
Deinstitutionalization
Closing of large asylums; return to community- based care
VOLUNTARY TREATMENT
Person chooses therapy to obtain relief from symptoms INVOLUNTARY TREATMENT: mandated by courts or other systems (exampl
Funding sources
Health insurance, government, private pay
Association)
1. Evidence-based treatment appropriate for the specific issue 2.
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
Clinical decisions based on research; specific treatments recommended for specific disorders; reduces variability betwee
Every client starts with an INTAKE
First meeting with the therapist; therapist gathers presenting problem, support system, insurance status; explains confi
CONFIDENTIALITY
Therapist cannot disclose client communications to third parties unless mandated or permitted by law.
RELAPSE RATE
40-60% of individuals return to drug/alcohol use after a period of improvement (NIDA, 2008).
MINIMUM DURATION
At least 3 months to achieve positive outcome (Simpson, 1981; NIDA)
COMORBID DISORDERS
Person has two or more diagnoses simultaneously; substance-related disorder often appears alongside depression, bipolar
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
Looks at behaviors and symptoms in the context of culture and background.
CULTURAL COMPETENCE
Therapist's ability to understand and address issues of race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment.
Example of mismatch
Counselor focused on individual decision-making may be ineffective with a client from a collectivist culture.
MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING
Recognizes individual, group, and universal dimensions of client identity; balances individualism and collectivism; inte